Benefit-transfer method
Définition
Sens technique
Method using the results of existing similar studies to estimate the value of an environmental good.Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment
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Waterways transport
Définition
Sens commun
Mode of transporting goods or people through the national and international waterways networks.
Source
according to the National Chamber of Inland Navigation
Maritime transport/shipping
Définition
Sens commun
Mode of transporting goods or people by sea for the most part.
Source
according to Wikipedia
Charges/fees for obstacle on rivers
Définition
Sens commun
Amount due by any owner of a structure that constitutes a continuous obstacle between the two banks of a watercourse (except for structures forming part of hydroelectric installations subject to the fee for water resource abstraction, or where the height difference is less than 5 m, or located on rivers whose average interannual flow is less than 0.3 m3/s at the right of the obstacle).
Source
according to the Ministry of the Environment, the Court of Auditors and Water Agencies
Charges/fees for the protection of aquatic environments
Définition
Sens commun
Amount of money paid by fishermen at the issuing of the fishing license. It is levied by the departmental or interdepartmental federations of approved associations for fishing and the protection of aquatic environments, from approved associations of amateur fishermen with gear and nets and from approved associations of professional fishing in freshwater.
Source
according to the Water Agencies
Brown infrastructure (soil)
Définition
Sens technique
Expression inventée sur le modèle de la Trame Verte et Bleue, appliquée à la continuité écologique des sols. Largement ignorés pendant de nombreuses années, ces derniers sont pourtant essentiels au fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Ce terme désigne le réseau écologique en profondeur, à préserver et restaurer.
Source
d'après Bureau d'études Lichen conseil en éco-urbanisme
Cost-benefit analysis
Définition
Sens technique
Analysis comparing the benefits to all the costs of a given project and of its alternatives, including the impacts that are not submitted to monetary flows (often regarding the environment). The "Cost-Benefit" analysis is a decision-making supporting tool providing objective evidence to the debate. Depending on the value of the benefit/cost ratio, the evaluated project is deemed profitable or not.Source
According to OECD
Environmental cost
Définition
Sens technique
Cost of damage to the environment and ecosystems and also indirectly to those who use them: degradation of the quality of water and soil, treatment costs for additional purification of drinking water imposed on communities, etc. Under the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, we are interested in damage caused by water uses (withdrawals, discharges, developments, etc).Source
According to the Ministry of Ecology
Environmental Economics
Définition
Sens technique
Branch of the economics that deals, from a theoretical viewpoint, with the relationship between human societies and the environment, particularly in the context of environmental economic policies.Source
According to Patrice Dumas (economist)
Green Gross Domestic Product
Définition
Sens technique
Measurement which subtracts from the usual gross domestic product (GDP) the decrease in the stock of natural resources (e.g. water resources). This accounting method would allow having better knowledge about whether an economic activity increases or lowers national wealth when it uses natural resources. However, economists believe that it could be difficult to establish this new indicator.Source
According to Jean Gadrey (economist)
Cost recovery
Définition
Sens technique
According to this principle, the water users bear as much as possible the costs incurred by their water uses: investment, operating and depreciation costs, environmental costs, and even, if possible, the cost of the resource. This principle is called "cost recovery". On this principle, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC sets two targets for Member States: by late 2004, the assessment should include the current level of recovery, distinguishing at least three economic sectors (industry, agriculture and households); by 2010, the taking into account of this principle, particularly through water pricing. The Directive requires transparency in the financing of water policy, but it does not set an obligation to full cost recovery on uses.Source
According to the Ministry of Ecology
Service associated with water use
Définition
Sens technique
Service that covers, for households, or any other economic activity: the abstraction, impoundment, storage, treatment and supply of surface water and groundwater, as well as the collecting and wastewater treatment facilities that subsequently discharge into surface waters.
Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment
Environmental tax
Définition
Sens technique
Tax levied by the State to control pollution or the overexploitation of water resources. In the case of pollution, the environmental tax consists in imposing to the polluter a tax per unit of pollutant discharged (which is equal to the marginal cost of pollution abatement). A tax is economically more efficient than a standard because the effort to reduce pollution is naturally distributed at low cost.Source
According to OECD
Total water cost
Définition
Sens technique
Total cost of water, including environmental cost, the cost of the resource and the cost of service.Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment
External cost
Définition
Sens technique
Costs incurred by an activity at the expense of another activity, of an environment, etc, and uncompensated or not supported by those who generate them. Under the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, we are interested in external environmental costs of services related to water use and more generally water-related activities (withdrawals, discharges, developments, etc); e.g. the costs of exploration and exploitation of new resources due to the pollution of previously exploited groundwater are actually and ultimately supported by the subscribers to drinking water supply services on the price per cubic metre. One of the great practices of environmental economy is to reintegrate externalities into market exchange, externalities are internalized. In other words, environmental degradation (pollution, overexploitation, etc) is included into the prices that otherwise is ignored.Source
According to Patrice Dumas (economist)
Amenities
Définition
Sens technique
Services provided free of charge by nature or the environment to individuals, associated with notions of comfort, convenience, pleasure and knowledge related to a location. For example, the fact of living on the edge of an urban park or staying in a rural area brings benefits in terms of landscape quality, quietness, microclimate, etc.Source
According to Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency
Ecological service
Définition
Sens technique
Direct or indirect benefit that man obtains from nature. Ecosystems, and more generally biodiversity, support and provide many services, called ecological or ecosystem services, which are sometimes classified as common and/or public good, often vital or useful services to human beings, other species and economic activities. These services include the self-maintaining services, supply services,
Source
According to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)
Water abstraction
Définition
Sens commun
Extraction of fresh water from a groundwater source or surface, permanently or temporarily, and conveyed to the place of use. Water abstractions include all activities related levies generated by agriculture, industry (including energy), the supply of drinking water, or other (mineral spring authorized, production artificial snow).
Source
according to AFB, IOWater, SOeS and OCDE
Abstraction supply zones
Définition
Sens technique
Area on which the water that soaks into the ground supplies the abstraction for drinking water.
Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment and the Ministry for the Agriculture
Flood warning
Définition
Sens commun
Warning issued in advance by the departmental flood forecasting services. In the event of heavy rainfall or hydrological alert, a flood warning is sent to the Prefect, who then alerts the mayors of the catchment areas concerned.
Source
according to OFB
Sens technique
Warning issued in advance by a special state service (flood forecasting service). In the event of a rainfall or hydrological alert (triggering when thresholds are exceeded), the flood forecasting service offers the Prefect the alert of the mayors of the watersheds concerned. As a severe overflow flood, the flood warning service broadcasts, for prefects and mayors, hydrological situation bulletins and information on the evolution of water levels . In 1994, 54 flood warning services monitored 16,000 km of waterways in France using automated measurement networks.
Source
According to Ministry of the Environment and OFB
Hydrological balance
Définition
Sens technique
Accounting of the changes in water resources (stream flows, groundwater level, effective rainfall) of an area (for example a catchment area) based on meteorological, piezometric or hydrological information.
Source
according to AFB
Hydropower plant
Définition
Sens commun
Facility that produces electricity by the force of moving water.
Source
according to AFB
Sens technique
Hydroelectric facility transforming hydraulic energy into electricity, whose power usually varies from a few kW to 4,500 kW.
Source
according to IFREMER
Dam release
Définition
Sens technique
Operation to lower water level and increase outflow rates to discharge some of the sediment retained by a dam. A dam release consists in opening the gates, thus limiting the silting of the dam reservoir and the risk of flooding. This operation, although common in the management of harnessed rivers, can have adverse effects on the downstream environment (decrease of oxygen levels in water, obstruction of fish gills by suspended solids, etc.).
Source
according to ISTREA
Stagnant water
Définition
Sens commun
Still water in parts of a river, lake or other aquatic environment.
Source
according to UNESCO