Waterways transport
Définition
Sens commun
Mode of transporting goods or people through the national and international waterways networks.
Source
according to the National Chamber of Inland Navigation
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Maritime transport/shipping
Définition
Sens commun
Mode of transporting goods or people by sea for the most part.
Source
according to Wikipedia
Inland waterway
Définition
Sens commun
A harnessed river or canal open to traffic and waterways transport.
Source
according to Wikipedia
Ballast water
Définition
Sens commun
Water contained in large tanks that can correct the trim of the boat and its balance. Ballast water is a problem during the emptying of the tank (deballasting) because species living in one part of the world are released into another zone, creating ecological disturbances. With the growth of international trade, and especially transoceanic maritime transport, problems arise because of this contribution of living organisms foreign to the local environment. Now, biological and chemical treatment systems must treat these volumes of water to limit the exchange of invasive species.
Source
according to ASTEE
Travel-cost method
Définition
Sens technique
Method for estimating the maximum entry right that visitors of a site would be willing to pay to continue visiting this site. It is based on the idea that travel expenses incurred by individuals to visit a site represent their willingness to pay to visit this site. The travel cost is a measure of the visit unit.Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment and IOWater
Water utilization
Définition
Sens commun
All services and activities having a significant impact on water status. Services related to the use of water are water uses characterized by the existence of structures for abstraction, storage, treatment or discharge. They have a fixed asset.Source
According to the Ministry of Ecology
Water use
Définition
Sens commun
Utilization of water by human beings (domestic, industrial, agricultural, recreational, cultural uses of drinking water).Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment and AFB
Canal
Définition
Sens commun
Hydraulic structure fed by water withdrawals from watercourses or bodies of water and mainly intended for navigation, drainage, irrigation or flow regulation.Source
According to AFB
Maritime port
Définition
Sens commun
Place where vessels can approach the coast and dock to unload their products and/or their passengers. There are natural harbours, but in most cases the port site has been built.
Source
According to Ifremer
Water abstraction
Définition
Sens commun
Extraction of fresh water from a groundwater source or surface, permanently or temporarily, and conveyed to the place of use. Water abstractions include all activities related levies generated by agriculture, industry (including energy), the supply of drinking water, or other (mineral spring authorized, production artificial snow).
Source
according to AFB, IOWater, SOeS and OCDE
Abstraction supply zones
Définition
Sens technique
Area on which the water that soaks into the ground supplies the abstraction for drinking water.
Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment and the Ministry for the Agriculture
Flood warning
Définition
Sens commun
Warning issued in advance by the departmental flood forecasting services. In the event of heavy rainfall or hydrological alert, a flood warning is sent to the Prefect, who then alerts the mayors of the catchment areas concerned.
Source
according to OFB
Sens technique
Warning issued in advance by a special state service (flood forecasting service). In the event of a rainfall or hydrological alert (triggering when thresholds are exceeded), the flood forecasting service offers the Prefect the alert of the mayors of the watersheds concerned. As a severe overflow flood, the flood warning service broadcasts, for prefects and mayors, hydrological situation bulletins and information on the evolution of water levels . In 1994, 54 flood warning services monitored 16,000 km of waterways in France using automated measurement networks.
Source
According to Ministry of the Environment and OFB
Hydrological balance
Définition
Sens technique
Accounting of the changes in water resources (stream flows, groundwater level, effective rainfall) of an area (for example a catchment area) based on meteorological, piezometric or hydrological information.
Source
according to AFB
Hydropower plant
Définition
Sens commun
Facility that produces electricity by the force of moving water.
Source
according to AFB
Sens technique
Hydroelectric facility transforming hydraulic energy into electricity, whose power usually varies from a few kW to 4,500 kW.
Source
according to IFREMER
Dam release
Définition
Sens technique
Operation to lower water level and increase outflow rates to discharge some of the sediment retained by a dam. A dam release consists in opening the gates, thus limiting the silting of the dam reservoir and the risk of flooding. This operation, although common in the management of harnessed rivers, can have adverse effects on the downstream environment (decrease of oxygen levels in water, obstruction of fish gills by suspended solids, etc.).
Source
according to ISTREA
Stagnant water
Définition
Sens commun
Still water in parts of a river, lake or other aquatic environment.
Source
according to UNESCO
Green water
Définition
Sens commun
Water contained in the soil and available for plants.
Source
according to AFB
Groundwater/river exchange
Définition
Sens commun
Exchange of water in one direction or the other between an aquifer and a river. Depending on the level of the water line, and on the season, groundwater feeds the river or is fed by it, particularly during floods. In the case of karst, these relationships are important and localised.
Source
according to AFB
Silting
Définition
Sens technique
Deposit of fine sediments made of rock particles and silt or clay. Siltation is a form of sedimentation with mud. Streams carry a few million cubic meters of sediment each year. Their deposit causes the silting of these rivers, canals, and bodies of water. This quite natural phenomenon is accentuated by a flat topography, low flows, erosion processes, as well as industrial and urban discharges.
Source
according to AFB and INRA
Snow melt
Définition
Sens commun
Transformation of snow into liquid water.
Source
according to UNESCO
Hydraulics
Définition
Sens commun
A branch of fluid mechanics that deals with the flow of water (or other liquids) through pipes, open channels and other structures.
Source
according to UNESCO
River hydraulics
Définition
Sens technique
Branch of Hydraulics which mainly deals with the free surface flow of water in natural or artificial streams (e.g. canals). River hydraulics is necessary for the design, development and construction of hydraulic structures, such as dikes, sills and weirs.
Source
according to Wikipedia
Marine hydraulics
Définition
Sens technique
A branch of hydraulics related to the marine and coastal environments, which deals with swells, currents, dispersion and water quality, sedimentology, seaworthiness and the keeping of ships at station, or the interaction between waves and structures.
Source
according to Egis
Groundwater Hydraulics
Définition
Sens technique
A branch of hydraulics that mathematically studies the natural gravity flow (of an aquifer) or the induced flow (by drainage or pumping, for example) of free groundwater in permeable media, under the effect of a hydraulic or pressure gradient.
Source
according to Wikipedia
Torrential hydraulics
Définition
Sens technique
Branch of hydraulics relating to flows in areas with steep slopes.
Source
according to Water torrents & mountain rivers